![乒乓球明星技术图解](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/405/686405/b_686405.jpg)
(二)刘国梁
1.技战术实力评估指数:38.5
(1)正手进攻技术能力指数:9.5
(2)反手进攻技术能力指数:9
(3)控制技术能力指数:10
(4)技术实战能力指数:10
2.技术运用特点:快速与计算
快速是指在技术使用上,沿袭了直拍正胶打法在技术上以快制胜的特点。计算是指在比赛中对对方各种击球的可能性进行判断,并快速做出相应的技术和战术的调整,把变化做在对方还没有完全意识到之前。
刘国梁技术上有明显的特点,发球和接发球技术非常突出。其战术主要是建立在发球抢攻和接发球控制技术细腻结合的基础上。通过前4板技术中积极控制和主动上手进攻的不断交替使用,突出了旋转、速度、落点的变化。刘国梁乒乓球技术的快速特征,是建立在对比赛对手技术使用可能性进行计算基础上的。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0036_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-YN2DieUSDyxvErntahVgCYpMCE6pnx23-0-42bb6bc8af537baa0db4be33fba71148)
3.主要技术的实战运用解析
(1)标准侧身位正手攻球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-u9XxFOmvcxKInFayCI3MjbqX1WqZuHg1-0-a90dd7d8b2a1c8e630ddf1916d130231)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-PjY3ulRyjkEV5ISg74hdyOWg1929LkBu-0-c9f44778f1a306a4ffd457e425ad7995)
1~2准备姿势中的让位充分,引拍幅度比较大,身体重心比较低。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-J1Adz8oRVI85cZIKsJ1Gc5WOpe8NkfG9-0-40c14a10729c398e4304aea099f2b944)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-HAcbHzegk7xHjX1sHHIZljEf7kJAIQsS-0-41f49a9bd486708a023f343f21cb9db2)
3~4挥拍击球时,摩擦球的成分比较多。注意对弧线的控制。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:进攻一切可以用正手攻的来球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:可打、可拉,具有一定杀伤力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:低重心,身体发力,注意摩擦球。
(2)侧身位正手发侧上、下旋技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-GXmFlBw5nDk8Ys4LiB8f2xpE7wiUPnbq-0-12c4b4ba83aee062be10dd8e4830433a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-VOOlj45XW6pi0BHxhedzDlru3OJ07dAN-0-f3d1b14c343f5e3ae6c5ad7765e81ab3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-09ollpiJbkexKVcMtkwIRwxQrNpwWujm-0-e9db32365fa7cf583564e49caf730c8b)
侧上
1~3准备姿势和抛球引拍的特点是“展开”。即身体充分展开,以便身体和手臂的力量充分发挥出来。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-9qmBBGo21hU1QFH475MZBS2EOpAQganx-0-2d661daaf33d079eb1b8285d8bdddf2e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0005.jpg?sign=1739334532-fG5XBHmtQ8bDxUSkuZzWRejUVeEObOO3-0-7e6bd5f89c4eb2f7966c077bbc7983dc)
4~5挥拍击球的特点是“快合”。即身体随手臂挥动,快速前转,发力点在胸腹前。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-rhvnBdn1DRUa2ybSGZHEmKUX78FsJfcs-0-8188dbfb0a86adc40105131c2aa3bc93)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-p56XDHcEDml78SWvVkFaKVuIc1jnnCBx-0-6236b411a252958c28a7029ef97902bf)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-fhEQ09QzoJVnvqGFqhTxuGo40YMNy4GZ-0-b463319fbf2976064e13348e5c872aed)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-nraRIbm27k8ASEhGGLxAAKofWtDti0pN-0-a293fb509f10464fb01be877bc808c17)
侧下
1~4准备姿势和抛球引拍动作与发侧上旋球完全一致。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-gZrutWGZTJMFL7sqoKrPDuIVGxrvarFT-0-8c362e9a5b51ae460cf6936012de7fb8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-A58I19Do5GDprgTaFLjuzkBeN7yy3eBr-0-7323f6ca6c6b3373b25d9578fb475829)
5~6挥拍击球动作也与发侧上旋球一致,仅通过手腕的变化,来发出侧下旋球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:常用的发球技术。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:经常为进攻创造机会。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作相似性,出球快,手腕动作变化大,干扰性强。
(3)正手侧身位晃接技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-E8wTbyUqSHWomBONXoXPhNAhtSx2Q1Y5-0-11497a6e918bbe6bdf0712e3c2cc37cc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-U48ZYhR2WiUs7SxzMX3ByYefg9QdUytB-0-77a8a265cc280d40d183b5dfe408679e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-I2Qvdqw8ZC2CVpYe5w3FcIQ47nddBtjE-0-7982da132244fc6342693c19f5b1533d)
1~3侧身用正手做回摆短球时的技术动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-vV3PelMg5KMn3O0l5E88sr0uMgP5PjCo-0-371fb70f0b15e04404638870232284fc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0005.jpg?sign=1739334532-i5BumMiWcenAr8qAqbDEGxz0EptLPvML-0-deb567fcf0ca921fd5f0cc206666a21c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0006.jpg?sign=1739334532-10dooRObd1uynapZr0H7YPfMiGEd9F1Y-0-0154671ba63ad3410598a8c2132206e6)
4~6在触球时的瞬间,改变球拍的拍面方向,由面向对方反手位变成面向正手位。并向侧下方搓,使球到对方的正手位。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接侧身位短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:与其他接短球的技术结合起来,干扰和控制对方的侧身进攻意图。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,触球时的转腕动作,侧搓球的中、下部。
(4)正手侧身位挑打技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-x0PX7ovmFVkQGeC68eKVZP8pYY0e8X0E-0-04281b5a3bcc5eaeab9b7818ee84f3bd)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-tnrdiUfv7zYg2PnlB9zV1iM8Z5NwTFg5-0-dbf9a0cf910c55f8f1040e4a3ce08232)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-iOJAK2YGPFzXRrIQrqsYGY46K7GR78Rb-0-e5aa3552b6d6c0b69cbd0d2fc70cd97e)
1~3技术动作与晃接时一样,做回摆短球的动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-vd2TbffvxgeLEQBDyAEeY9x3CShnpxKy-0-f52a7993fed0f9dced52e360c30bfc64)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0005.jpg?sign=1739334532-7SQsg94J54ItgHs82AtTVOiO2iubvYZW-0-87c753ee2848e61c126a490741da5d7d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0006.jpg?sign=1739334532-gHKFESCnwMc3CuqCDNe6KuLLnerHyNW8-0-7ce6a5ebc6f2cc58024c0422cb118bde)
4~6在触球的瞬间,球拍立起,击球的中部,用力要集中,向上方发力。整个动作要快速清晰。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:和其他接短球的技术结合起来,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,出手快,发力集中。
(5)直拍反拉上旋球技术
1肘关节前顶,以肘关节为轴,拇指压拍,手腕适当放松,拍面立起,球拍位置比较高,拉球的中部偏上。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-HiIwpnu1Q7cRwieeCHVK4hBtzTA13OIF-0-562376003124a7a296b4038936fd4383)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-s1shNkR0gC6Br8RwWRHtE1zb8w57rFCe-0-711adb81b9f8c2739e93a8b79bbc2eae)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-UzvQ9H5yQmCvikJrcdzG0ooM5JoYVAnO-0-a1aef682eeffee753eb473ab61da6b16)
2~3手腕向上发力,前臂向前方挥动。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:对推中转反拉或反拉对方的上旋球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:具有在相持中增加变化因素和进攻因素的作用,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:顶肘,压拍,适当放松。
(6)直拍反打上旋球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-8y1m8BeDSKHiC1vXIyF5teuoVEBKX1Lw-0-37504e4669361712a0063f386fb3981f)
1直拍横打的引拍位置和反拉上旋球一样,不同之处是:拍头不下沉,肘关节不前顶,而是要沉肩坠肘。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-tsFXgqUf2NDqMC6CuaQfAYAuuvyqdh1c-0-a3d5ac79e008ae4357b7cf6ad4475033)
2发力通过肘关节快速伸展和身体前迎来完成。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:出现机会球时。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:加强了反手进攻的能力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:沉肩坠肘,肘关节快速伸展。
(7)发球后正手抢攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-gbFgWD0dOdwHckQrFvoliO1qa59ycIF9-0-6514a6fd790915d2f16402a65f69cc37)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-0lQMA6paDDhNW3cKckcqXCY7PPYxeslj-0-ecc1bf2e27f2681a6d6b001008b2bceb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-jw3Bc3z2IK4qdkySPkMd2AMMWpjfKpk6-0-ab526364339b2964f0b71137dbae10f3)
1~3用预先想好的策略发侧旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-YEDArf42MQLST4UNNC4TkSsXeX8AMCMj-0-f1af4701aa2699e5961abefc5e1c7009)
4发球后对预计的回球线路进行再判断。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-sO1QeauZdqnvqqsXCPQO6EdhJyfGeV7m-0-3f440a8a437a4debea5e5ae816db7f0a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-Vr1bXcaxidspa1aowM6RBJVes5ZfWmwD-0-3b5312391950e000a3e1f3eba40c5e6c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-D30VqlhIMGfL4ac8utorWyBjXy74CtmE-0-0345f9b1501396daf71534f7f4989e7b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-dgdUOpTTWSKjMt1dmRMHBS0npYt7DLam-0-f9553fce4f85c11c1f6f1dbbaacf456a)
5~8扑正手位抢攻时,注意还原。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:发球后给对方接正手位的机会。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方建立侧身位和正手位进攻能力都强的概念。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,使侧旋动作和侧下旋动作近似,用交叉步抢攻。
(8)发球正手侧身抢技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-b1uWhZm4CuY6yQDsF3VI3XlCOSV0FvwC-0-c4a3cb6527d2c1203ca97de8dff5f8c5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-YG3eHjlzhBG79KyhbQdP5QcvGzEDpT6D-0-920c1f96c3de09642b11e46ace609272)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-hMVIOPWuLXPIwujnKByck8sVG5weBb8I-0-020454b34d3ab8b7356be4607caad1ed)
1~3发下旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-FkkQ3R6MUyXMYVNTfPIdKX4mtQ7lYfJ2-0-9adea46216f14d4a07c67c60fdbd8d1c)
4判断来球线路。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-0xTKxpChwyDuhMqyWRdsL4BTupk7nBtZ-0-f964fea62d456c36229f184204c74518)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-ou94Pq55sZjTfnh14KFoTKeqK747kr1Q-0-312ce103ab99c03d2e7c8826b067eb66)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-577UvwqIhFYOXav1WGQrFT1it3Ss9I5e-0-902834030bdd0c60fb41d27ce4a49c99)
5~7用左脚的侧跨步进行快速侧身,同时引拍和拉球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:同前。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:同前。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,用跨步让位抢拉。
(9)正手位攻后转侧身攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-V15u2lK11APQPEymfcdxXPIOymrI3F5R-0-a22d9cbccc03ace43f76b457a37efb8f)
1判断来球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-DnppCAm98oXmEmw3Bnm4qArnfOrqW0Sj-0-cf2e4d9502d4641ba98c6f779716c2d5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-IjmtT072msr3zI5rLWQC66YHOYKyFi9h-0-45ec582897058bdc70ca64813e14430a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-QzHCp0DgZnbt8qunKaNF1sgo9f1mXMDI-0-78f7b80ba71a6ac27789f8807dbb9870)
2~4用跨步到正手位进攻。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0001.jpg?sign=1739334532-VUhHalZ9RGNNN1EmU6ReGR4RbT1olpts-0-f78bd922729aeeb73de4b8cbb1bb0ded)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0002.jpg?sign=1739334532-fhD9VNZfQT1x9CPD0ajEIDZQFuj6ptPY-0-983c50d1185ab9929dd0cf0485bf94d5)
5~6还原并注意盯球,保持连续进攻的可能。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0003.jpg?sign=1739334532-kiOZUXqxlickXPTjbthDke4Sp67GRPzH-0-558a080f63db6874ca16caa8b8a2cd0c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0004.jpg?sign=1739334532-2Icv62ldhZsZ1GMdCP2wceNjX9J4Z93T-0-3f9c1123629ed7bb121ed6dfbbec693a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0005.jpg?sign=1739334532-U5COIkVASm1CC8dvN6r2dgyxxMCoHd7Y-0-e8faa7c2f663ecba1dcaf560565df1b9)
7~9用并步让开位置,在侧身位继续实施进攻。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:在正手位进攻具有一定压力时,侧身进攻的机会就会出现。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方以连续的打击。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:进攻要有落点控制,身体保持合理的移动。