ORACLE数据库技术实用详解
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4.5 使用EM管理实例

从Oracle 10g开始，Oracle提供了网页形式的管理工具，叫做Database Control。我们可以在使用dbca创建数据库时，指定安装Database Control；也可以在安装完数据库以后，通过调用emca来创建Database Control。

使用emca时，先调用emca -repos create来创建repository，所谓repository就是存放Database Control在管理数据库所用到的信息的多个表，如下所示。

    [oracle@book ～]$ emca -repos create
    STARTED EMCA at Sep 4, 2007 5:06:42 PM
    EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
    Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Enter the following information:
    Database SID: ora10g
    Listener port number: 1521
    Password for SYS user:
    Password for SYSMAN user:
    Password for SYSMAN user:
    Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
    Sep 4, 2007 5:06:53 PM Oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
    ......
    Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
    FINISHED EMCA at Sep 4, 2007 5:12:17 PM

在创建repository时，上面粗体显示的部分是要我们输入的信息，包括SID、监听器所监听的端口号、用户sys和用户sysman（用户sysman是repository的属主）的密码，并让我们确定创建repository。创建repository完毕以后，调用emca -config dbcontrol db命令来创建Database Control。

    [oracle@book ～]$ emca -config dbcontrol db
    STARTED EMCA at Sep 4, 2007 5:13:16 PM
    EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
    Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Enter the following information:
    Database SID: ora10g
    Listener port number: 1521
    Password for SYS user:
    Password for DBSNMP user:
    Password for SYSMAN user:
    Email address for notifications (optional):
    Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional):
    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    You have specified the following settings
    ......
    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
    Sep 4, 2007 5:13:39 PM Oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
    ......
    Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
    FINISHED EMCA at Sep 4, 2007 5:15:58 PM

如果要重建Database Control，则先使用emca -deconfig dbcontrol db命令删除配置：

    [oracle@book ～]$ emca -deconfig dbcontrol db
    STARTED EMCA at Sep 4, 2007 5:00:09 PM
    EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
    Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Enter the following information:
    Database SID: prod
    Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: yes
    ……
    Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
    FINISHED EMCA at Sep 5, 2007 5:00:46 PM

然后使用emca -repos drop命令删除repository：

    [oracle@ocm ～]$ emca -repos drop
    STARTED EMCA at Sep 4, 2007 5:01:10 PM
    EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
    Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Enter the following information:
    Database SID: prod
    Listener port number: 1521
    Password for SYS user:
    Password for SYSMAN user:
    Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
    ……
    Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
    FINISHED EMCA at Sep 5, 2007 5:05:19 PM

全部配置删除完毕以后，再次执行创建Database Contorl的命令即可。安装完Database Control以后，我们就可以开始使用它了。

启动Database Control的命令如下所示：

    [oracle@book ～]$ emctl start dbconsole
    TZ set to PRC
    Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
    Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
    http://book.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
    Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ........................ started.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/book.us.Oracle.com_
ora10g/sysman/log

关闭Database Control的命令如下所示：

    [oracle@book ～]$ emctl stop dbconsole
    TZ set to PRC
    Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
    Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
    http://book.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
    Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ...
    ...  Stopped.

查看Database Control状态的命令如下所示：

    [oracle@book ～]$ emctl status dbconsole
    TZ set to PRC
    Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
    Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
    http://book.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
    Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g is running.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/book.us.Oracle.com_
ora10g/sysman/log

默认情况下，Database Control的访问路径为http://主机名:1158/em。其中1158为端口号。登录界面如图4-1所示。

图4-1 Database Control登录界面

单击“Login”按钮以后，进入数据库的主页，如图4-2所示。

在主页上，名为Performance的标签页上包含对数据库性能进行监控的方法；名为Administration的标签页上包含管理数据库相关的方法；名为Maintenance的标签页上包含对数据库进行备份或恢复操作的方法。

图4-2 Database主页

图4-3 其他属性页接口

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